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Executive Order 9481 Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)

Executive Order 9481—Authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to Take Possession of and Operate Certain Mines, Collieries, and Preparation Facilities

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt
•
Tuesday, September 12, 1944
•
3 min read (648 words)

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

This executive order, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 1944-09-12, establishes federal administrative policy concerning "Authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to Take Possession of and Operate Certain Mines, Collieries, and Preparation Facilities." It outlines operative directives for executive department officers, delegating enforcement responsibilities and establishing official governance guidelines.

Constitutional Assessment: Scrutinized through Article II, Section 2, this action exercises the President's constitutional role as Commander in Chief. Early Framers recognized broad executive discretion in commanding military forces during conflict, provided it remains bounded by congressional declarations and respects civilian domestic courts.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

▪ 892) as amended by the War Labor Disputes Act (57 Stat.
▪ The Secretary of the Interior shall operate the said mines, collieries, and facilities in accordance with the terms and conditions of employment which are in effect at the time possession thereof is taken, subject to the provisions of section 5 of the War Labor Disputes Act.
▪ He shall provide such protection of the employees as may be necessary to maintain production, and shall take such appropriate disciplinary action, not inconsistent with law, as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of this order.
▪ In carrying out this order, the Secretary of the Interior shall act through or with the aid of such public or private instrumentalities or persons as he may designate.

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Armed Forces & Military Establishments 🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants 🏛️ Private Citizens & Property Owners
Total Words
648
4,044 characters
Estimated Read Time
3 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
13.3
Post-Grad reading level
Constitutional Polarity
+0.02
Framers' Alignment index
📜

Scholarly & Legal Citations 

Exec. Order No. 9481, Franklin D. Roosevelt (Sep 12, 1944). Available at https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-9481-authorizing-the-secretary-the-interior-take-possession-and-operate.

Official Document Text

Source: The American Presidency Project (UCSB Archive)

Original Source →
Whereas after investigation I find and proclaim that there are interruptions of the operations of the mines, collieries, and preparation facilities designated in the list attached hereto and made a part hereof, as a result of existing and threatened strikes and other labor disturbances; that the effective prosecution of the war will be unduly impeded or delayed by such interruptions; and that the exercise, as herein specified, of the powers vested in me is necessary to insure, in the interest of the war effort, the operation of these mines, collieries, and facilities; Now, Therefore , by virtue of the power and authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including section 9 of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (54 Stat. 892) as amended by the War Labor Disputes Act (57 Stat. 163), as President of the United States and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows; 1. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized and directed to take possession of the mines, collieries, and preparation facilities designated in the list attached hereto and made a part hereof, and of any real or personal property, and other assets, used in connection with the operation thereof; to operate or arrange for the operation of such mines, collieries, and facilities in such manner as be deems necessary for the successful prosecution of the war; and to do all things necessary for, or incidental to, the production, sale and distribution of the coal produced, prepared, or handled by the said mines, collieries, and facilities. 2. The Secretary of the Interior shall operate the said mines, collieries, and facilities in accordance with the terms and conditions of employment which are in effect at the time possession thereof is taken, subject to the provisions of section 5 of the War Labor Disputes Act. He shall provide such protection of the employees as may be necessary to maintain production, and shall take such appropriate disciplinary action, not inconsistent with law, as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of this order. 3. In carrying out this order, the Secretary of the Interior shall act through or with the aid of such public or private instrumentalities or persons as he may designate. All Federal agencies, including but not limited to the War Manpower Commission, the National Selective Service System, the War Department, and the Department of Justice, are directed to cooperate with the Secretary of the Interior to the fullest extent possible in carrying out the purposes of this order. 4. The Secretary of the Interior shall permit the management of the mines, collieries, and facilities taken under the provisions of this order to continue with their managerial functions to the maximum degree possible, consistent with the aims of this order. 5. Possession of the mines, collieries, and facilities taken under this order shall be terminated by the Secretary of the Interior within sixty days after he determines that the productive efficiency of the mines, collieries, and facilities has been restored to that prevailing prior to the interruption of production referred to in the recitals of this order. FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, September 12, 1944. LIST OF MINES, COLLIERIES, AND PREPARATION FACILITIES Consolidation Coal Company, Arkwright Mona Mine, Morgantown. West Virginia. Cannellton Coal Company, No. 3 Mine, No. 5 Mine, No. 6 Mine, Cannellton, West Virginia. Christopher Mining Corporation, No. 2 Mine, Maidsvllle, West Virginia. Brock Inc., No. 4 Mine, Cassville, West Virginia. Christopher Coal Company, No. 3 Mine, Osage, West Virginia. Consolidation Coal Company, No. 25 Mine, Fairmont, West Virginia. Davis Wilson Coal Company, Bunker Mine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Eastern Gas & Fuel Association, Koppers Coal Division, Federal Mine No. 1, Granttown, West Virginia. Jamison Coal and Coke Company, No. 8 Mine, Farmington, West Virginia. Pursglove Coal Company, No. 2 Mine, Pursglove, West Virginia.